Which way for EU enlargement? Brussels faces a moment of truth over the bloc's expansion

The European Union's enlargement process is entering a decisive phase in the coming months. Montenegro and Albania are nearing the final stages of membership negotiations, while Ukraine and Moldova are also advancing in their own accession tracks. Brussels views these developments as both an opportunity and a demanding test.

The debate within the EU is not limited to which countries will join and when; it also covers whether fundamental reforms to voting rules, budget allocation, and decision-making mechanisms should be made. Some member states argue these reforms must be completed before new members join, to avoid a larger union becoming unwieldy.

Diplomats say the process could accelerate given sufficient political will, though disagreements among member states remain a significant obstacle. The final timeline for enlargement is expected to take clearer shape at the EU summit in the autumn.