What is El Niño and why could it drive record global temperatures?
Global temperatures are expected to rise in the coming months as the El Niño climate pattern returns. Forming in the Pacific off South America's coast, the phenomenon reshapes weather systems worldwide and could push the planet toward record heat.
El Niño is a natural climate pattern that arises when sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific become unusually warm. Beginning off the western coast of South America, it shifts wind and rainfall patterns across much of the planet.
Scientists say that as El Niño strengthens again, average global temperatures are likely to rise over the coming months. The pattern can bring drought and extreme heat to some regions while triggering heavier rainfall and flooding in others.
Experts warn that when El Niño is layered on top of human-driven climate change, it can tip the world into record-warm years. Its effects on agriculture, water supplies and public health are being watched closely, particularly in vulnerable regions where communities are least able to adapt.
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